TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH PROVERB, METAPHOR, IDIOM

PROVERBS

-When in Rome, do as Romans

Dimana bumi dipojak, disitu langit dijunjung

-Discretion is the better part of valor

Kebijaksanaan lebih baik daripada keberanian

-Cry over spilt milk

Nasi sudah menjadi bubur

-Add insult to injury

Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga

-Kill two birds with one stone

Sekali mendayung, dua tiga pulau terlampaui

METAPHOR

-A sea of troubles

Lautan masalah

-the apple of my eyes

Buah hatiku

-Rollercoaster of emotion

Guncangan emosi/perasaan

-You are the light of my life

Kamu adalah cahaya hidupku

-Feel blue

Merasa sedih, gundah

-You are my sunshine

Kamu adalah kebahagiaan untukku

-My sweetie pumpkin

Sayangku, manisku

IDIOM

-war like

Suka bertengkar

-down to earth

Rendah hati

- a drop of hat

Dengan mudahnya

-Not a far cry

Tak jauh beda

-Get rid of

Menyingkirkan

-At the crossroad

Bimbang

TRANSLATION PROCEDURES AND THE EXAMPLES

Transference     : it is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration         and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription."

e.g                       : diet-diet

                              transfer-transfer

Naturalization   : it adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal                     morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)

e.g                       : complex-kompleks

                               procedure- prosedur

                               procedural- procedural

                               morphology- morfologi   

                        

Cultural equivalent  : it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, "they       are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83)

e.g                               : thanks giving- perayaan syukuran

                                      baby shower- “tilik bayi”, menjenguk bayi

Functional equivalent : it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark, 1988b:83)

e.g                                  : *april fools- april mop

                                        *this is snake’s house- ini adalah sarang ular

                                        *“Ouch!”- “Aduh!”

Descriptive equivalent : in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in several words.             (Newmark, 1988b:83)

e.g                                   : *cottage- rumah kecil biasanya di pedesaan

                                          *oak tree- sejenis pohon besar yang biasanya tumbuh di negara bagian         utara

Componential analysis : it means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar                 meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating             first their common and then their differing sense components." (Newmark,       1988b:114)

e.g                                   : *Don’t cry over a spoiled milk- nasi sudah menjadi bubur

                                          *beat about the bush- bertele tele

                                          *pay homage- penghormatan terakhir

                                          *my sweetie pumpkin- sayangku, manisku

Synonymy           : it is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps accuracy. (Newmark,                      1988b:84)

e.g                          : trousers- celana panjang

                                 sweater- baju hangat

                                 city dump- tempat pembuangan sampah 

            

Through-translation       : it is the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations         and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan                   translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)

e.g                                     : public school- sekolah negeri

                                             private school- sekolah swasta

                                            

Shifts or transpositions : it involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for instance, (i)                    change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a specific SL        structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL word,        change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark,                    1988b:86)

e.g                                    :  that cars- mobil itu

                                             I need three apples- saya butuh tiga buah apel

                                             “How are you going?”- Apa kabar?

                                             Have a nice day!- Semoga harimu menyenangkan!

Modulation        : it occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL         text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may         appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88)

e.g                       : he was killed in the war- dia gugur dalam peperangan

                              the baby was born premature- bayi itu lahir prematur

Recognized translation : it occurs when the translator "normally uses the official or the generally             accepted translation of any institutional term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)

e.g                                    : House of Representative- MPR/ DPR

                                           UNO- PBB

Compensation  : it occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another        part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)

e.g                          ; *never will I let the tears drop - tak akan pernah kubiarkan air matamu                  terjatuh

                               *“it is not I used to be” – “ ini bukan aku yang dulu”

Paraphrase         : in this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the explanation is              much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

e.g                          : *thanks giving- perayaan sebagai wujud rasa terimakasih, biasanya                         dilakukan pada    kamis terakhir di bulan November di negara Amerika.

                              *Halloween- malam pada tanggal 31 oktober dimana anak anak memakai               kostum seram dan mengunjungi rumah rumah untuk mengumpulkan                   permen serta bermain trick or treat (memberikan permen atau dijahili)

   

Couplets              : it occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark,                1988b:91)

e.g                          : *it needs some getting used to- ini butuh kesabaran

                               *both of them are war like – keduanya suka bertengkar  (through                              translation+  componential analysis)

                               *inconsidered people- orang yang tak punya tenggang rasa (transposition+              through translation+ componential analysis)

Notes                    : notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)

e.g                          : *She slept in the grange¹

                                              ¹grange= rumah luas di pedesaan dengan lahan pertanian disebelahnya

                                 * Kimy loves mozzarella² cheese

                                  ²mozzarella= keju Italia putih yang lembut

Aesthetic-Poetic Translation

This poem is cited from the book “Rimbun Dahan” selected poems by Cecep Syamsul Hari. This is a kind of bilingual edition poem book (English-Indonesia)

English

At the Market

By Cecep Syamsul Hari

In a burning afternoon

A group of labors returned to their Javanese

They grumbled about rupiahs that getting weak

Police patrol and land overseas to be subjected

Detained passport and a bit of ringgits left in the pocket

Why the cheap bus to Kajang

Never come up?

Don’t talk about love with us

It just belongs to the poetry

Don’t push us to the Indonesian embassy

They don’t belongs to the labors

Don’t remind us about prohibitions

In a country that forbid immoral manners

Why the cheap bus to Kajang

Never come up?

But live is not only a story of wickedness

Nor the painting exhibition of sorrow

Live is also a promising prosperity in the line of Utopia

And we come to grasp it

In a burning afternoon

A group of labors returned to their Javanese

In the three ringgits bus to Kajang

I returned back without knowing to what

Nor to whom

Translation:

Di Pasar Seni

Oleh: Cecep Syamsul Hari

Pada sebuah siang yang membara

Sekelompok pekerja pulang ke bahasa Jawa

Mereka mengeluhkan rupiah yang melemah

Patroli polisi dan tanah rantau yang mesti diakali

Paspor yang ditahan dan sisa ringgit di pundi-pundi

Kenapa bis murah ke Kajangtak kunjung datang?

Jangan bicara cinta dengan kami

Itu cuma milik puisi

Jangan suruh kami pergi ke kedutaan Indonesia

Mereka bukan milik kaum pekerja

Jangan ingatkan kami akan larangan-larangan

Di negeri yang melarang berlaku sumbang

Kenapa bis murah ke Kajangtak kunjung datang?

Tetapi hidup tidak hanya kisah kekerasan

Atau pameran lukisan kesedihanHidup

Tetapi juga janji kemakmuran di garis Utopia

Dan kami datang untuk mengejarnya

Pada sebuah siang yang membara

Sekelompok pekerja pulang ke bahasa Jawa

Di dalam bis tiga ringgit ke Kajang

Aku pun pulang entah kepada apa

Entah kepada siapa

TYPES OF TRANSLATION

According to Larson (1984: 15)

Merujuk pada Larson (1984:15)

Translation is classified into two main types, namely form-based translation and meaning-based translation.

Terjemahan diklasifikasikan kedalam dua tipe, yakni terjemahan berbasis bentuk dan terjemahan berbasis makna.

• •   Forms-based translation attempts to follow the form of the source language (SL) and it is known as literal translation.

  

Terjemahan berbasis bentuk berupaya untuk mengikuti bentuk bahasa sumber, dan jenis penerjemahan ini dikenal sebagai terjemahan harfiah.

•          Meaning-based translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the SL text in the natural forms of the receptor language. Such translation is called idiomatic translation.

Terjemahan berbasis makna berusaha untuk mengkomunikasikan/menyampaikan bentuk alamiah makna teks bahasa sumber kedalam bahasa penerima. Terjemahan tersebut disebut terjemahan idiomatic

According to Catford (1978: 21)

Merujuk pada Catford (1978:21)

•          Based on the extent, the types of translation are:

Berdasarkan jangkauannya, jenis jenis terjemahan terdiri dari:

1)      Full translation, it is a type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials.

Terjemahan penuh, adalah Jenis terjemahan dimana keseluruhan teks bahasa sumber diterjemahkan kembali oleh teks bahasa target.

                2)  Partial translation, there are only some parts of the SL text to be translated into the TL text.

Terjemahan sebagian, adalah jenis terjemahan dimana hanya menerjemahkan separuh teksbahasa sumber saja kedalam bahasa sasaran

•          In terms of level, the types of translation are:

Dalam hal level, jenis terjemahan yaitu:

1)      Total translation, the TL material replaces all levels of the SL text.

Terjemahan menyeluruh, materi dari bahasa target menggantikan keseluruhan level dari teks sumber

2)      Restricted translation, it is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TLmaterial at only one level; whether at the phonological level, graphologicallevel, or at the level of grammar and lexis

Terjemahan terbatas merupakan penempatan ulang dari materi tekstual bahasa sumber dengan padanan materi bahasa target pada satu tingkat saja, yaitu apakah pada tingkat fonologi, tingkat grahological, atau pada tingkat tata bahasa  dan leksis.

•          In terms of rank, translation is divided into:

Dalam hal ikatannya, terjemahan dibagi menjadi:

1.       Rank-bound translation, it means that the selection of TL text equivalent is limited at only one rank, such as word-for-word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence, etc.

Terjemahan terikat, ini berarti bahwa pemilihan dari padanan teks bahasa target dibatasi hanya pada satu tingkatan, seperti kesepadanan terjemahan kata perkata, kesepadanan morfem ke-morfem, dan lainnya.

2.       Unbounded translation, it can move freely up and down the rank-scale.

Terjemahan tak terikat, terjemahan ini dapat berpindah dengan bebasnya pada skala ikatannya.

According to Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

Merujuk pada Brislin dalam Choliludin (2007: 26-30)

•          Based on the purposes of translation:

Berdasarkan tujuan dari terjemahan:

1.       Pragmatic translation: it refers to the translation of a message with an interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the SL form and it is not conveyed with other aspects of the original language              version. Example: the translation of the information about repairing a machine.

Terjemahan pragmatis, terjemahan ini merujuk pada penerjemahan dari pesan dalam sebuah keakuratan dari informasi yang hendak disampaikan dalam bentuk teks sumber dan tidak disampaikan dengan aspek lain dari bahasa aslinya. Contoh: terjemahan dan informasi tentang memperbaiki mesin.

2.       Aesthetic-poetic translation: it refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

Terjemahan Estetis-puitis: terjemahan ini mengacu pada terjemahan dimana penerjemah memperhitungkan pengaruh, emosi, dan perasaan dari versi asli, bentuk terjemahan estetis digunakan oleh penulis asli, sebagaimana informasi yang terdapat dalam pesan. Contohnya: terjemahan soneta, sajak, bait heroic, dialog dramatis, dan novel.

3.       Ethnographic translation: its purpose is to explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

Terjemahan etnografi: tujuannya terjemahan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konteks kebudayaan dari versi bahasa sumber dan bahasa target. Penerjemah harus lebih sensitive dalam hal penggunaan kata dan harus mengetahui bagaimana kata itu cocok dengan budaya. Contoh penggunaan kata “ya” versus “yeah” di Amerika

According to Jacobson in Leonardi (2000)

Berdasarkan Jacobson dalam Leonardi (2000)

1.       Intralingual translation (monolingual translation),

2.       interlingual translation (bilingual or multilingual translation), and

3.       intersemiotic translation (verbal sign into non-verbal sign).

1.terjemahan intralingual (terjemahan satu bahasa),

2 terjemahan interlingual (terjemahan dwibahasa atau multibahasa), dan

3 terjemahan intersemiotic (tanda verbal menjadi tanda non-verbal).

•          Intralingual translation refers to a translation in which verbal signs are interpreted by means of other signs of the same language. It happens within the same language (monolingual)

Terjemahan intralingual mengacu pada terjemahan  yang tanda tanda verbalnya diinterpertasikan melalui tanda tanda lain dari bahasa yang sama. Hal ini terjadi dalam bahasa yang sama (monolingual)

•          Interlingual translation is the one which refers to different languages whether it is bilingual or multilingual.

Terjemahan interlingual adalah salah suatu terjemahan  yang mengacu pada bahasa yang berbeda apakah itu bahasa bilingual atau multilingual.

•          Intersemiotic translation refers to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of non-verbal sign systems.

Terjemahan Intersemiotic mengacu pada sebuah interpretasi dari  tanda-tanda verbal yang melalui tanda-tanda lain dari sistem-sistem tanda non-verbal.

http://transvanilla.blogspot.com/2010/04/kinds-of-translation.html

Pragmatic Translation-Etnographic Translation(Assignment 2 Translation) 

Pragmatic Translation

For this term, I try to analyze the usage direction of Eskulin Splash Cologne. Here is the direction:

Splash the princess spirit with Eskulin Splash Cologne onto your body before you start your day. The unique and fresh fragrance will accompany you through all your activities. Use under adult supervision. Store in room temperature and avoid direct sunlight. Avoid contact with eyes.

Translation:

Percikan semangat sang putri dengan Eskulin Splash Cologne ke tubuhmu, sebelum kamu memulai harimu. Wanginya yang unik dan segar akan menemanimu beraktifitas. Ajari anak Anda untuk menggunakannya dengan benar. Simpan di suhu kamar dan tidak terkena sinar matahari langsung. Jangan kena mata.

Eskulin Splash Cologne is a product for girl. So, it is tried to be translated as easy as it can. I do really consider that the translation of this usage direction is appropriate and using the role of pragmatic translation where the same purpose is transferred from the English language direction into Indonesian Language. The translation also accurately and naturally flows even though some sentences are translated in easier concept. The example lies in the sentence Use under adult supervision which is translated as Ajari anak anda untuk menggunakannya dengan benar. It is not made as the faithful translation because it is afraid that there will be a misunderstanding about the understanding of the message. From that pragmatic translation we can see the use of communicative translation style. So that, the consumer get the whole message of the whole pruduct through the pragmatic translation implied.

TRANSLATION 1 Assignment

Definition 2 (Catford, 1978: 20)

•       “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”

•       “Penerjemahan adalah penempatan kembali material tekstual sebuah bahasa/ bahasa sumber (SL) oleh  kesetaraan material tekstual dari bahasa lain/ bahasa target (TL).”

Definition 3 (Larson, 1984: 3)

•       “Translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant.”

•       “Penerjemahan merupakan pentransferan makna dari bahasa sumber kedalam bahasa penerima. Hal ini dilakukan melalui pembentukan struktur semantik dari bentuk bahasa pertama/bahasa asli kedalam bahasa kedua. Dalam artian, makna yang ditransfer tersebut  dan harus tetap konstan.

Definition 4 (Newmark, 1988: 5)

• “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”

• “Penerjemahan adalah menerjemahkan makna dari sebuah teks kedalam bahasa lainnya dengan cara melalui apa yang penullis telah maksudkan dalam teks tersebut.”

Definition 5 (Hawkes in Basnett-McGuire ,1991:13)

•       Translation involves the transfer of ‘meaning’ contained in one set of language signs into another set of language through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extralinguistic criteria also.”

•       “Penerjemahan melibatkan transfer dari makna yang terkandung dalam satu set tanda-tanda bahasa kedalam rangkaian bahasa lainnya melalui penggunaan kompeten kamus dan tata bahasa, proses yang juga melibatkan seluruh rangkaian kriteria ekstralinguistik .”

Definition 6 (Sperber and Wilson in Bell (1991:6))

•       “Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.”

•       Penerjemahan adalah menempatkan kembali sebuah representasi dari suatu teks pada bahasa asli melalui representasi kesetaraan/padanan teks pada bahasa kedua.

Definition 7 (Toury in James, 2000)

•       “Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions.”

•       Penerjemahan adalah sebuah kegiatan yang setidaknya melibatkan dua bahasa dan dua tradisi kebudayaan.

Definition 8 (Steiner in Choliludin, 2006: 5)

•       “Translation can be seen as (co) generation of texts under specific constraints that is relative stability of some situational factors and, therefore, register, and classically, change of language and (context of) culture.”

•       Penerjemahan dapat dilihat sebagai asistensi penggenerasian sebuah teks dibawah kendala/aturan tertentu yang mana relatif stabil pada faktor-faktor yang bersifat situasional dan, sehingga, gaya bahasa, dan secara klasik, juga pada perubahan bahasa dan konteks budaya.

Hot Air Balloon Fest- Sapuran, Wonosobo Central Java

August 2014 :)

Flowers

I do really love these flowers :3

Barbara Kingsolver’s Quote

Literature Duplicates the Experience of Living in a Way that Nothing Else Can

                                                                                                     by: puspamerah

Barbara Kingsolver was born on April 8 1955. She is an American novelist, essayist, and poet. I found an interesting fact about her. The first year she studied at DePauw University on music scholarship, she studying “classical piano.” But then she realized that “Classical pianists compete for 6 job opening in a year, and the rest of them just playing piano at the hotel lobby.” Realizing the fact made her took a decision to change the major to Biology. After that, she worked as a freelance writer before began writing some novels. And now, she is a famous writer. The two widely well-known works from her are Poisonwood Bible a tale of missionary family in Congo and a non-fiction book entitled Animal, Vegetable, Miracle which is about her family’s attempts to eat locally.

Her work often focuses on topics such as: social justice, biodiversity, feminism, and the interaction between humans, their communities, and environments. Besides that, she has some great quotes, and one of them is “Literature duplicates the experience of living in a way that nothing else can, drawing you into another world that you temporarily forget you have one of your own. That’s why you read it, and you might sit up in bed till dawn, throwing your whole tomorrow out of whack, simply to find out what happens to some people, who – you know perfectly well – are made up.”

I think that is the most logical reason for those who love book, for people who love reading, and for every single brain that spend their last time in late evening enjoying books. That is the reality why we read our favorite books or novels for hours until we stay up late at night. It seems like when I read Sherlock Holmes. I’ll spend my whole day reading that book then I’ll daydream about Holmes and his criminal cases in Scotland Yard, till at night I’ll dream about Holmes getting fight with Professor Moriarty and Jack the Ripper. That is how book bombs our mind, but we don’t mind about that right?

Barbara Kingsolver’s quote is also tells that literature duplicates the experience of living in a way that nothing else can; drawing us into another world that temporarily we forget we have one of our own. That is right. Why people love reading is because they curious about what actually the book tells about. And sometimes we don’t realize that the book’s story is also about life, about our life too, though it is a non-fiction or fiction one. You may say that it is writer’s imagination. But we have to notice that their imagination is also based on their experience and their true story, then they compile that in such of formula which can make us hypnotized reading it pages by pages.

All in all, from that quote we can realize how book is mesmerized us. We also find that there is no reason for people to hate book or literature. But we find a thousand of reasons why we love our books.